Pediatric PulmonologyQ. Fetal bradycardia with sinusoidal pattern. Likely cause?
Answer: Fetal anemia.
Pediatric PulmonologyQ. Baby 6 weeks, direct bilirubin high. Diagnosis?
Answer: Choledochal cyst.
Pediatric PulmonologyQ. 58‑Day‑Old Baby With G6PD and Low Hemoglobin. Cause?
Answer: Hemolytic anemia.
Pediatric PulmonologyQ. Most important risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)?
Answer: Birth weight < 1.5 kg.
Pediatric PulmonologyQ. Factor absent in NEC risk?
Answer: Full term.
Pediatric PulmonologyQ. Continuous bilious vomiting, abdominal distension, passes meconium after birth, now yellowish thin diarrhea. Diagnosis?
Answer: Enterocolitis.
Pediatric PulmonologyQ. 6-week-old baby with strong cough, 2 episodes of losing consciousness, intercostal retractions, and O2 saturation at 90%. What do you do?
Answer: B2 agonist.
Pediatric PulmonologyQ. Horizontal line in X-ray of an infant?
Answer: Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN).
Pediatric PulmonologyQ. Most common cause of tachypnea and grunting in a newborn?
Answer: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).
Pediatric PulmonologyQ. Baby with X-ray showing TTN, pneumonia symptoms, and high neutrophils. Treatment?
Answer: Oral amoxicillin for 7 days.
Pediatric PulmonologyQ. Pediatric patient with cystic fibrosis. What test is used to confirm the diagnosis?
Answer: Sweat chloride test.
Pediatric PulmonologyQ. Treatment for a child with cystic fibrosis to prevent Pseudomonas infection?
Answer: Azithromycin.
Pediatric PulmonologyQ. Child with frequent greasy stools, failure to thrive, and a positive sweat chloride test. What supplementation is necessary?
Answer: Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K).
Pediatric PulmonologyQ. Pediatric patient with asthma exacerbation, RR = 7/min, and hypercapnia. What is the best initial step?
Answer: Intubation.
Pediatric PulmonologyQ. Child with frequent greasy stools, failure to thrive, and a positive sweat chloride test. What supplementation is necessary?
Answer: Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K).
Pediatric PulmonologyQ. Pediatric patient with asthma exacerbation, RR = 7/min, and hypercapnia. What is the best initial step?
Answer: Intubation.
Pediatric Neurology
Pediatric NeurologyQ. 15-Month-Old Can Only Babble, Mother Concerned About Language Delay
Answer: Reassure as this is a normal variant (Language milestones vary).
Pediatric NeurologyQ. Child With Language Delay
Answer: Do a hearing test (Hearing impairment is a common cause of speech delay).
Pediatric NeurologyQ. 2-Year-Old With Decreased Hearing and Difficulty Talking
Answer: Hearing loss examination (First step in evaluating speech and hearing concerns).
Pediatric NeurologyQ. 15-Month-Old Only Babbles, Normal Hearing
Answer: Reassure and follow up at 24 months (Developmental variations are common).
Pediatric NeurologyQ. 3-Year-Old Boy Understands Two-Word Commands, 75% of Speech Understandable
Answer: Delayed speech disorder (Requires monitoring and possible intervention).
Pediatric NeurologyQ. Child Took Hyoscine Butylbromide and Metoclopramide, Developed Jerky Movements. Treatment?
Pediatric NeurologyQ. Child Fell From Bed, Complains of Headache and Vomited Twice, All Examinations Normal. Next Step?
Answer: Close observation.
Pediatric NeurologyQ. 8-Year-Old With Episodes of Repeated Blinking, Conscious and Responsive. Diagnosis?
Answer: Tics.
Pediatric NeurologyQ. Fracture of the Left Stylomastoid Foramen During Delivery, Baby Cannot Open Eye. Loss of Sensation?
Answer: Loss of anterior 2/3 sensation of tongue.
Pediatric NeurologyQ. Child Unable to Feed Herself With a Spoon After Head Trauma 10 Days Ago. Lesion?
Answer: Cerebellum.
Pediatric NeurologyQ. Child With Pneumonia and Fever Developed Seizures. Management?
Answer: Diazepam.
Pediatric NeurologyQ. Child With Febrile Illness and Seizures. Treatment?
Answer: Rectal diazepam.
Pediatric NeurologyQ. Seizure Lasting >35 Minutes, Given Lorazepam IV. Next Step?
Answer: IV phenytoin.
Pediatric NeurologyQ. Child With Grand Mal Seizure on Depakine and Breakthrough Seizure. Initial ER Treatment?
Answer: Diazepam.
Pediatric NeurologyQ. Status Epilepticus for 5 Minutes With IV Access Secured. First-Line Treatment?
Answer: IV lorazepam.
Pediatric NeurologyQ. Kernicterus Leading to Cerebral Palsy. Type?
Answer: Athetoid (dyskinetic) cerebral palsy.
Pediatric NeurologyQ. 15-Month-Old Baby With Developmental Delay, Spasticity, and Crossed Legs, Lower Limbs More Affected. Type of Cerebral Palsy?
Answer: Quadriplegia.
Pediatric NeurologyQ. Child Always Blinking at Rest Without Pain or Tearing. Diagnosis?
Answer: Tics disorder.
Pediatric NeurologyQ. Child With Grand Mal Seizure on Depakine and Breakthrough Seizure. Initial ER Treatment?
Answer: Diazepam.
Pediatric NeurologyQ. Child With Repetitive Eye Movements, Active With Parents During Attack. Diagnosis?
Answer: Tics syndrome.
Pediatric NeurologyQ. 5- to 7-Year-Old Child With Clumsy Gait, Inability to Stand or Sit Unsupported, Resistance to Neck Flexion After Chickenpox Infection. Diagnosis?
Answer: Acute cerebellar ataxia.
Pediatric NeurologyQ. Case of Abuse With Subdural Hematoma and Retinal Hemorrhage. What Syndrome?
Answer: Shaken baby syndrome.
Pediatric NeurologyQ. Can’t Close Eye on One Side. Affected Nerve?
Answer: Bilateral non-purulent conjunctivitis (conjunctivitis with no exudate).
Pediatric RheumatologyQ. Fever for 5 Days, Conjunctivitis, Rash, Edema of Hands and Feet, Peeling Lips, High ESR and CRP, Diagnosis?
Answer: Kawasaki Disease.
Pediatric RheumatologyQ. Clinical Confirmation of Kawasaki Disease?
Answer: Red tongue, red eyes, and clinical symptoms (no additional labs needed if clear signs).
Pediatric RheumatologyQ. Young Girl With Diarrhea, Left Knee Swelling, Right Elbow Pain, Left Achilles Tendon Tenderness. Stool Analysis Positive for Clostridium Toxins. Diagnosis?
Answer: Reactive arthritis.
Pediatric RheumatologyQ. Arthralgia After Viral Infection With Watery Diarrhea. Type of Arthritis?
Answer: Reactive arthritis.
Pediatric RheumatologyQ. When to Screen for Uveitis in SLE Patients With Negative ANA?
Answer: Every 6 months.
Pediatric RheumatologyQ. Pediatric patient presented with joint pain and hematuria. History of URTI 4 weeks ago with petechial rash on buttocks and thighs. Platelets are normal. Diagnosis?
Answer: Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP).
Pediatric RheumatologyQ. Treatment of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura?
Answer: Supportive treatment. If symptoms are active, use steroids.
Pediatric RheumatologyQ. Child with bloody diarrhea followed by petechial rash, hematuria, and low platelets. PT and PTT are normal. Diagnosis?
Answer: Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS).
Pediatric RheumatologyQ. Lab results show low platelets and high creatinine levels. Diagnosis?
Answer: HUS.
Pediatric RheumatologyQ. Child with fever, hematuria, and headache. Diagnosis?
Milestone Q. A baby sits in the mother’s lap unsupported, turns around to the doctor, laughs, and babbles. Age?
Answer: 7 months.
(Hint: Sitting, babbling, and laughing combine at 7 months.)
Milestone Q. A baby can sit without support, roll from prone to supine and back, plays with objects, but can't pick things with 2 fingers. Age?
Answer: 6 months.
(Hint: Sitting without support is a key 6‑month milestone.)
Milestone9 Q. Which gross motor milestone is typical for a 6‑month‑old?
Answer: Sits unsupported.
(Hint: Sitting upright resembles the number 6.)
Milestone10 Q. Which of the following is one of the expressive language developmental milestones of a 3‑year‑old boy?
Answer: B. Uses 3‑word sentences.
(Hint: 3 years = 3‑word sentences.)
Milestone Q. A concerned mother brought her child for a routine evaluation. Which developmental milestone matches the age?
Answer: A. Drinks in a cup, walks without support – 18 months.
(Hint: The Arabic number 8 resembles legs walking independently.)
Milestone Q. A mother brought her 1‑year‑old son for a check‑up. What should this child not be able to do?
Answer: D. Stand on tiptoes.
(Hint: Tiptoes typically develop closer to 2–3 years.)
MilestoneQ. A child can walk without support, tries climbing on furniture, builds 3 cubes, and points to something he is interested in. How old is this child?
Answer: A. 15 months.
(Hint: "Point" has 5 letters; pointing and building cubes align with 15 months.)
Milestone Q. At what age does head lag disappear?
Answer: B. 4 months.
(Hint: "Head" has 4 letters; head control develops by 4 months.)
MilestoneQ. A 4‑month‑old boy is brought in for evaluation. What can you expect for his age?
Answer: D. Fix his head.
(Hint: Fixing the head aligns with the 4‑month milestone.)
Milestone16 Q. A child rides a tricycle but cannot draw a square. What is his age?
Answer: B. 3 years.
(Hint: Tricycle = 3 wheels, 3 years old.)
